Recent Advances in the Synthesis, Characterization and Application of Zn+‐containing Heterogeneous Catalysts

Monovalent Zn+ (3d104s1) systems possess a special electronic structure that can be exploited in heterogeneous catalysis and photocatalysis, though it remains challenge to synthesize Zn+-containing materials. By careful design, Zn+-related species can be synthesized in zeolite and layered double hydroxide systems, which in turn exhibit excellent catalytic potential in methane, CO and CO2 activation. Furthermore, by utilizing advanced characterization tools, including electron spin resonance, X-ray absorption fine structure and density functional theory calculations, the formation mechanism of the Zn+ species and their structure-performance relationships can be understood. Such advanced characterization tools guide the rational design of high-performance Zn+-containing catalysts for efficient energy conversion.